Jackie Robinson Baseball Player and Civil Rights Activist free essay sample

Baseball player And Civil Rights Activist? By: Moni Swed Thesis Paper Jackie Robinson, an icon, a civil rights activist, a political leader, a man who helped change American society. Jackie Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia on January 31st, 1919 and died October 24, 1972. Even though his life was cut short to 53 years, Robinson accomplished goals that very few people would be able to accomplish; he was the first black man to play the game of baseball in the major league. This had a tremendous impact on American society. Throughout his lifetime, Jackie faced many adversities, as did everybody who had black skin. During the 1900s, African Americans faced discrimination and segregation. Whites and blacks would attend different schools, drink from different water fountains, eat in different restaurants, stay in different hotels, sit in different parts of the bus etc. This is the world Jackie grew up in. As world war two came to an end in 1945, African Americans were no longer content with being second class citizens as many of them have put their lives on the line fighting for this country. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Robinson: Baseball Player and Civil Rights Activist? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jackie Robinson was among those who fought in Vietnam and spent his time playing for the Negro baseball leagues while he was not sacrificing his life for our country. Branch Rickey, the owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers at the time is the one who founded the Negro leagues in 1945. Although it was never thought of as a serious league and does not have any records of games played, Branch used the league in order to quietly scout black talent in order to challenge segregation in the major leagues. This is how he found Jackie Robinson, one of the best players in the Negro league. Branch offered Jackie a once in a lifetime opportunity to play for the Dodgers. However, he made it clear to Jackie that he was going to hear a lot of very racist remarks by not only the fans, but opposing players as well. Both Branch and Jackie understood that this was a very delicate situation, not only was Jackie going to have to maintain his composure when it would come to racist  remarks, death threats and balls thrown at his head by opposing pitchers, but the whole African American society was depending on him to be able to compete against whites because this would set the table for other black people trying to play baseball on the professional level. It would prove to white people that black people can compete with white people not only in baseball, but in every other aspect as well. Jackie did more than just compete, he became one of the best in the business, in his first season as a Brooklyn Dodger, he won rookie of the year and in 1949, he won the batting title leading the league with a .  342 batting average. He was selected to six consecutive all star games and won the NL MVP in 1949, the same year he won the batting title. This eventually proved everybody who thought black people could not compete with white people in anything wrong. Branch Rickey signing Jackie Robinson, also influenced other team owners to sign black players; Larry Doby was the next African American baseball player to be signed by the Cleveland Indians just a couple months later in July of 1947, then came Hank Thompson for the St. Louis Browns less than 2 weeks later, then Monte Irvin for the New York Giants two years later, and so on. Blacks did not only gain opportunity of baseball, but Jackie made it that black people would be looked at as people that can live up to the same potential that everybody else can in many other aspects. Jackie Robinson’s prominence as a black athlete increased his credibility as a political activist, which made it easier for him to be a part of the civil rights movement. Jackie Robinson provided black people with more opportunities by breaking the color barrier and performing the way he did. â€Å"Naturally, the good things of the game seem especially gratifying to a big leaguer who, as a boy, probably assumed his color would make it impossible for him to even enjoy them† (Briley, 93). The idea that it seemed almost impossible for a black kid to ever join the major leagues at one point, and then have Jackie come into the big picture proving that blacks can compete with whites, makes the game that much better. It proved to America that no matter what race or background, everybody has the same ability and can live up to their potential. There was still a lot of racism and criticism but Jackie’s courage helped make a huge difference in American society and took our country a step ahead in terms of equality. Hank Aaron stated, â€Å"Before Jackie Robinson broke the color line, I wasn’t permitted to even think about being a professional ball player. I once mentioned something to my father about, and he said, ‘Ain’t no colored ball players. ’ All that changed when Jackie put number 42 and started stealing bases in a Brooklyn uniform†(Cook, 4)). Before Jackie took the field, young black children everywhere including Hank Aaron believed that they would never be able to play baseball. Society was unfair to blacks and did not give them the same opportunities that whites had. At that time in history, black people were not equal to whites; they were dehumanized due to the thought that they were less important, less intelligent as well as less worthy. Because of this they were hardly aloud to walk in the same surroundings as white people without being abused whether it was verbally or physically. Suddenly, after Jackie put on that Brooklyn Dodger uniform and proved himself, it proved other black people would be able to do this as well and it gave people like Hank Aaron who is now in the hall of fame, the opportunity to play baseball and live up to their goals. Hank Aaron is known as the home run king of baseball thanks to Jackie giving him the opportunity. Delino Deshields, St. Louis Cardinals second baseman stated, â€Å"Jackie was before Rosa Parks. He was before Martin Luther King, Malcolm X. Jackie did all this stuff. He’s a pioneer, to me, for civil rights in general. Him breaking the color line in baseball was bigger than any civil rights march, anything, in my opinion that happened after that. That was the transcending thing† (Chass, 2). This piece of evidence brings out the idea that Jackie laid out the table for all civil rights activists. When someone can say that one man could have been bigger than any civil rights march, it means that that one man, being Jackie Robinson in this case, all by himself made more of an impact on society than a large group of people which is an amazing feat to accomplish. He was a pioneer in what he did and many people were influenced by his courage to go out on the field and succeed. Some may say that the fact that he could go out and perform the way he did lead to black people believing more in themselves that if they have faith and think they can make a difference, they will. Obviously, not every black person felt that way but Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and many others believed this and they ended up having a huge impact on society. The question of whether or not all of this would have happened if Jackie Robinson hadn’t laid out the table is one that can’t be answered but it deffinately would make for a good debate. Jackie Robinson had to show strength in terms of ignoring the racist remarks and death threats in order for this experiment to work. â€Å"Jackie faced more adversity in the big leagues than most people will ever face in their entire lives. It was rather remarkable how he handles all that adversity, his self-discipline. He held it all in, even with all of the terrible things he saw and heard† Williams, 1). Very few people will ever go through the same amount of pressure and hate that Jackie had to go through. Also, very few people have not heard half the bad things Jackie heard and saw in their lives. Jackie went through a lot and literally risked his life to make American a better place and equalize opportunity for African Americans. It would not be surprising if the things that he went through scarred him. However, it was all worth it at the end but it very well could have taken a bad turn if Jackie did not do everything that he needed to do which was be the best and ignore everything that came to him, from the media, to the fans, to the opponents. Jackie made a huge sacrifice to do what he did. â€Å"Robinson lived in a time when racial segregation and prejudices were common place in American society. The courage he showed by accepting the Brooklyn Dodgers offers to play baseball in the major leagues epitomizes his personality† (www. trincoll. edu, 3). Jackie knew what was coming to him as soon as Branch Rickey offered him a contract to play with the Brooklyn Dodgers. He had to have a lot of courage to know that he was getting himself into a massive amount of pressure not only because everybody in America was going to have their eye on him, but also because of the huge responsibilities that came with it. Also, consider the fact that America was more racist and racial segregation took place. Jackie knew that this could either make or break black America all depending on his performances and reactions as well as poise. â€Å"Robinson was forced to practice on a field in the black part of Daytona beach, away from the main stadium. Threats were an everyday part of his existence. ‘This wasn’t Ebbets field’ Lamb said. ‘He went into the deep south, where black people who challenged desegregation were lynched† (Sportsillustrated. cnn. com, 2). Back in this time period, times were so bad and harsh towards black people that Jackie could not even practice with his teammates. He dealt with racial criticism and death threats etc every day through out his baseball career, especially in the beginning. The whole country was racist at during this time but it is known that the south was the worst of the worst. As the piece of evidence above says, black people who challenged segregation were lynched. It is impossible for one to ignore something like this when they are the target. The best thing one can do is keep all the anger and depression to yourself and do your best on the field. Jackie did just that. Jackie Robinson’s ability to have the courage to speak aggressively against discrimination increased his credibility. â€Å"My letter to the governor was a harshly honest letter. I said I felt no self-respecting black man could respect an administration that had no blacks in significant jobs. Governor Rockefeller met my honesty head on. He telephoned me personally and told me how much he appreciated my truthfulness. He admitted that things were not as they should be for blacks in state governments and that he wanted to take steps to correct this; he suggested we meet and talk things over within the next few days. In the course of that telephone call, I bluntly said, â€Å"If you don’t want to hear the down to earth truth about how you are thought of in the black community, let’s just forget about it. He assured me that he wanted and needed unbiased advice. The meeting took place in a private room at the top of Radio City Music Hall. He did not bring any apologists or token black leaders into the meeting to justify himself. He brought an open mind and someone to take notes† (Robinson, 3). Jackie’s spectacular professional ball playing career made it easier to have the opportunity to reach out to major politicians like Governor Rockefeller. After his career, Jackie had the ability to have his voice heard so he could have important individuals hear a black persons perspective. It was important for Jackie to be able to voice his opinion for the black community because he was one of the very few, if not the only black man during this time period that had the power to have politicians and society overall listen to what he had to say. Not only did he have politicians listen to him, but he let them know in advance that he was going to be as straight forward and brutally honest as he had to be, according to the source above, the result of the meeting that took place came with drastic changes. Months after the meeting, Governor Rockefeller appointed the first black people to work in high positions, having them influencing his everyday decisions even though many people were unhappy with this decision. Jackie took matters into his own hands and eventually became responsible for the hiring of many black men to work such a highly paid job as politicians. If Jackie had not played professional baseball and succeeded the way he did, chances are the governor would not have given Jackie the time of day to listen to his opinion. However, due to the fact that Jackie was so highly respected for his courage and performance under pressure, the governor not only listened to what he had to say, but he took Jackie’s words and used them to change a large aspect of his job in order to benefit African Americans even though many people were not happy with this decision. Jackie stated, â€Å"The white public should start toward real understanding by appreciating that every single Negro who is worth his salt is going to resent any kind of slurs and discrimination because of his race. The more a Negro hates communism because it opposes democracy, the more he is going to hate any other influence that kills of democracy in this country and that goes for racial discrimination† (Cook, 4). The attitude that Jackie had in this piece of evidence was not new to him, however it was new to everybody else and came as a surprise to them. The public was not use to seeing this side of Jackie considering Branch Rickey, the man who signed Jackie to the Brooklyn Dodgers told Jackie that he could not show signs of anger or frustration no matter what he hears from the public. After two years of playing with the Dodgers the way he did, Branch Rickey told Jackie that he ‘earned the right to be himself. ’ Jackie took advantage of that opportunity by speaking aggressively for the first time about what was on his mind. This was symbolic for Jackie because it was the first of many times that he would speak his mind in such a way. In 1956, when his baseball career ended, his political career began. Robinson embraced his knowledge of politics and speaking abilities in order to help the cause of deterring racial issues as much as he possibly could. It is evident that he did a good job at that as well. Jackie poured all of his anger and frustration at the racism he encountered into his ball playing, increasing his abilities on the field, and further silencing his critics. His ability to do this increased his credibility as a symbol for racial equality, which made it easier for him to be politically involved after his baseball career ended. â€Å"The average human being loses some efficiency when he’s angry. We all have problems doing our job when we are angry. Jackie’s uniqueness lay in the fact that he performed even better when angry† (Williams, 98). Normally, when people get mad, it is harder for them to achieve what they need to because they are more focused on their anger and breaking something or getting revenge etc as opposed to actually getting their job done. Jackie was the opposite of this, when he got mad over the racial slurs and ignorance of America in this time period, he took it in stride and used what got him angry as motivation to play even better. This made white people look at the big picture and as for dehumanizing black people, it was not completely put to a stop but was somewhat deterred. â€Å"Somehow, Jackie had the strength to suppress his instincts, to sacrifice his pride for his people. It was an act of selflessness that brought the races closer together than ever before and shaped the dreams of an entire generation† (www. time. com, 3). Deep down, Jackie wanted to retaliate against the white supremacists, but he swallowed his pride and instead of physically and verbally retaliating, he retaliated with his talent in baseball. He swallowed his pride for the sake of other people as well as future generations. He was one of the very few people in this world that realized at the time, despite how much tension there was, that it would all be worth it at the end and it was. The fact that he had the power to do that is the reason for us as a nation being where we are today. This act of selflessness surprised everyone who criticized him and silenced them. This is why it became easier as time went on for Jackie to be able to play because the pressure started lowering down as the years passed by. This is what happened when people started to realize the man that Jackie was. Jackie Robinson’s determination and debating skills helped impact the Civil Rights Movement in terms of bringing America one-step closer to equality. Jackie Robinson stated, â€Å"I believe blacks ought to become producers, manufacturers, developers, and creators of businesses, providers of jobs. For too long we had been spending much too much money on liquor while we owned few liquor stores and were not even manufacturing it. If you found a black man making shoes or candy or ice cream it was a rarity. We talked about not having capital, but we needed to learn to take a chance, to be daring, to pool capital, to organize our buy power so that the millions we spent did not leave our communities to be stacked up in the downtown banks. In addition to the economic security we could build green with power, we could use economic means to reinforce black power. How much more effective our demands for a piece of the action would be if we were negotiating from the strength of our own reliance rather than stating our case in the role of beggar or someone out for charity† (I NEVER HAD IT MADE, 4). Jackie obviously had a lot of ambition and was willing to do whatever it took to give blacks more power and motivate more blacks to put as much effort as Jackie himself was putting in. hearing these words come out of Jackie’s mouth could make one think of Martin Luther King, possibly one of the best known Civil Rights Activists to ever live. They both sound very similar in terms of leadership and how they carried themselves with pride. Not willing to say no, not willing to negotiate, but demanding what they believed was right. That is what makes a true leader and a little bit of Martin Luther King could be seen in Jackie Robinson. Maybe it is true after all that Jackie was one of Martin Luther King’s influences. Everybody in our world has to have a role model or someone to just influence us and it would make a lot of sense if that were the case between Jackie Robinson and Martin Luther King. They both had great determination and that is part of how they helped make a difference in American society. â€Å"I was booked on a television conservatism panel which included Bill Buckley, Shelley Winters, and myself. When my friends and family learned I had consented to participate, they were aghast. ‘Send a telegram and say you can’t make it. Bill Buckley will destroy you. He really knows how to make people look foolish. ’ I was glad to receive these warnings. I didn’t have the slightest intention of backing out, although I already had a healthy respect for Buckley’s craft as a debater. These apprehensions of my friends made me create an advance strategy which I otherwise might have not employed. I lifted it strictly out of my sports background. When you know that you are going to face a tough, tricky opponent, you don’t let him get the first lick. Jump him before he can do anything and stay on him, keeping him on the defensive. Never let up and you rattle him effectively. When the show opened up-before Buckley could get into his devastating act of using snide remarks, big words, and the superior manner-I lit right into whim with the charge that many influential Goldwater members were racist. Shelley winters piled in behind me, and Buckley scarcely got a chance to collect his considerable wit. A man who prides himself on coming out of verbal battle cool, smiling, and victorious, he lost his calm, became snappish and irritated, and when the show was over and everyone else was shaking hands, got up and strode angrily out of the studio. It was a small victory, but an important one for me. There didn’t seem to be much to win in those days on the political scene but I have always believed in fighting, even if only to keep the negative forces back† (I NEVER HAD IT MADE, 8). What we see in a lot of black athletes today as well as in the past is their ability to not fold under pressure and to never give up. We saw an example of that in the last quote when Jackie pointed out that he had no intentions of backing out of the show despite Bill Buckner who is apparently known for tearing people apart on national television. Instead of backing out, Jackie took the mans reputation in stride and used it against him. It might not be a coincidence that this is the strategy that many professional athletes use to succeed in what they do, which is to figure out everything you can about your opponent and get to know anything you can about his weaknesses before he does the same to you. It is evident that Robinson used his knowledge from baseball to benefit himself in this particular situation. It is still a question whether athletes or people in general use this type of strategy on their own or is it because everybody people followed someone in terms of how to go about these situations. Jackie after all is considered a pioneer and this may be another aspect of how he was a pioneer. Regardless of the case, this is another example of how courageous he was. Jackie Robinson’s fame as a ballplayer and his excellence not only on but off the field inspired blacks and disproved racist theory. â€Å"I would argue he is one of the twenty most important Americans of the last century. Put simply, to be an American citizen, to understand the history of this century and our society’s continuing growth you have to know Jackie Robinson† (Williams, IntroXV). Jackie by far had one of the biggest impacts an individual ever had in the history of America. To be a good American citizen, is to know the history of your nation and Jackie played a large role in the history of our nation. What gave him the ability to have a large impact on our country was the fact that he won awards such as; rookie of the year, MVP, won a batting title and led the league in stolen bases multiple seasons. Not to mention the ability to block out the critics and hateful fans routing for him to fail. After people saw this, it made it easier for them to think that if Jackie, being a black man in America can accomplish these feats, maybe all of them can. Robinson opened the door to professional to black Americans. He was a pioneer in his own right, who forever changed the opinions of countless American baseball fans† (www. trincoll. edu, 3). Jackie gave other people who thought they would never have a chance, the opportunity to become what they wanted to be in life. In his own way, Robinson made a change in America without even needing to speak. He let the game speak not only for himself, but every black person living in America in this time period. There was racist theory that black people were stupid and could not amount to anything. Considering this, there was no chance that black people could compete with whites and that is why when Jackie Robinson took the field, half of America was angry that he was getting the opportunity to compete but the other half was curious to see how we would perform. After seeing what Jackie could do on the field, It silenced the ignorance of America, not completely but it definitely made our country somewhat more peaceful. None of this would have been accomplished if Jackie did not have the talent and poise that he came through with. â€Å"Breaking the color barrier did say, ‘Maybe it’s not so bad that you can have an African-American athlete participate in the so-called American sport. Brown said, I think people started to re-it after they saw Robinson† (mlb. mlb. com, 2). Before Jackie ever took the field, most of America thought that an African American would never have the opportunity and even if given the opportunity, never be able to compete in the major league level with the white players. After they saw Jackie, they realized it wasn’t so bad and it couldn’t hurt having black people in the majors as long as they could compete. If Jackie did not have the talent, people would look and say that black people really can not compete and be angry that Jackie even had the chance. It would probably prevent another African American to have the opportunity not only to play baseball but a lot of other things for a long time. Jackie was aware of this and despite the intense pressure it brought, he still came through as one of the best and thrived under very difficult circumstances. Some may argue that Jackie Robinson was an anomaly and did not defy all blacks; he was just an acception because people saw that he could play baseball and do more than just compete with white people. Also, Jackie was a good speaker and people saw this. For those reasons, people eventually accepted Jackie Robinson but not the rest of the black society because they were still looked at as unintelligent, useless and non human. However, the weakness in this argument is that Jackie was not exception and that he truly did contribute to African Americans being looked at as equal. When people saw Jackie perform, and then after his amazing career watch him become politically active and see how smart the man was (which was a surprise to them) they realized that not only him, but African Americans everywhere had the same potential that everybody else in the world we live in has. Not only did they see that, but they witnessed Jackie Robinson hearing the most obscene remarks from fans and opponents on the field, any normal human beings first reaction would most likely be to let their temper get the best of them and talk back, maybe even start a fight. Jackie Robinson simply ignored them and under the intense amount of pressure, not only did he keep his cool but also he played right through it better than anybody expected him to. Jackie Robinson made a huge difference in American society. Nobody can completely change a society’s opinion all on his own but he helped. He pushed our country a step forward and was the first of many individuals to contribute to the civil rights movement. Jackie’s name was known before Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr. , Rosa Parks and many others. Robinson played a large role in giving black people the opportunity to become what they wanted to be in life and now today, we have a black president. However, we still do see signs of racism in our world today; our president receiving death threats, the way the media portrays black people and the fact that we do not have many big time CEOs in our country being black. Even though color is not invisible in our society, a lot has changed since the 1900s and we do not see nearly as much racism today as we use to see back then. Black people were constantly dehumanized but thanks to people like Jackie Robinson and many other civil rights activists, our world is slowly but surely becoming a place of equality.

Free Essays on The Teenaged Male

The Teenaged Male Ok hold on to your hat’s folks as I take you into the weird and wonderful world of being a teenage boy, so if you please keep your hands and arms inside the vehicle at all times! To all the parents out there be afraid be very afraid because as soon as that clock strikes 12:00 bye bye loveable child hello hormone induced stropoholic teen. You see, this is the scary bit guys the minute that child becomes 13 you’ll know about it, Harry Enfield got it spot on with ‘Kevin’. Now I’m sorry to say no matter how well you raised your, child they always know best, life and you are their mortal enemy and all chocolate companies for some reason have just added a new spot making ingredient or so they think. Nevertheless, like a wise person once said ‘ if you can keep your head whilst all the spots around you are losing theirs one day my friends you will reclaim your child’ †¦ †¦ with a few alterations of course. Right first thing’s first for the first couple of months your son will sound like a hamster’s wheel that hasn’t seen a can of WD-40 for a decade, however as time goes on he’ll sound remarkably like Barry White and find out why girls really are put on this earth! (Exactly, to tag team with you to make their life a living hell!). But don’t worry the good times do outweigh the bad †¦ †¦ well sometimes. I am a typical teenage boy, I go mental if my hair is touched, I’m after the girls and I play sport for a local club. This time period is where boys, scarily, start to spend more time in the bathroom tarting themselves up than girls, which is some mean feat I can tell you. After wasting all the hot water in the shower and pouring half a tub of Brylcream in his hair, it’s time to dress up, look eighteen and go for a drink at a bar, far enough away that nobody knows how old he really is, but at the same time not too far that the cab fare costs more than the amount spent on his ni... Free Essays on The Teenaged Male Free Essays on The Teenaged Male The Teenaged Male Ok hold on to your hat’s folks as I take you into the weird and wonderful world of being a teenage boy, so if you please keep your hands and arms inside the vehicle at all times! To all the parents out there be afraid be very afraid because as soon as that clock strikes 12:00 bye bye loveable child hello hormone induced stropoholic teen. You see, this is the scary bit guys the minute that child becomes 13 you’ll know about it, Harry Enfield got it spot on with ‘Kevin’. Now I’m sorry to say no matter how well you raised your, child they always know best, life and you are their mortal enemy and all chocolate companies for some reason have just added a new spot making ingredient or so they think. Nevertheless, like a wise person once said ‘ if you can keep your head whilst all the spots around you are losing theirs one day my friends you will reclaim your child’ †¦ †¦ with a few alterations of course. Right first thing’s first for the first couple of months your son will sound like a hamster’s wheel that hasn’t seen a can of WD-40 for a decade, however as time goes on he’ll sound remarkably like Barry White and find out why girls really are put on this earth! (Exactly, to tag team with you to make their life a living hell!). But don’t worry the good times do outweigh the bad †¦ †¦ well sometimes. I am a typical teenage boy, I go mental if my hair is touched, I’m after the girls and I play sport for a local club. This time period is where boys, scarily, start to spend more time in the bathroom tarting themselves up than girls, which is some mean feat I can tell you. After wasting all the hot water in the shower and pouring half a tub of Brylcream in his hair, it’s time to dress up, look eighteen and go for a drink at a bar, far enough away that nobody knows how old he really is, but at the same time not too far that the cab fare costs more than the amount spent on his ni...

Reconciling and harmonising cultural conflict Assignment

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Human Trafficking and Sex Tourism in Latin America - Essay Example Brazil is one of the countries in the Latin America mentioned in many international reports to have experienced blossoming sex tourism and human trafficking. The tremendous development of sex tourism and human trafficking in Brazil attributes to various historical, political, economic and social factors. Currently, serious cases of children involvement in commercial sex have gained an upward gradient as many of the participants are under-educated or totally illiterate. Evolution of the Menace According to Hannum, sex tourism in Latin America evolved as a result of increased demand for sex among the wealthy Europeans who travelled to Latin America to obtain cheap sex from the regional women. The evolution of sex tourism in the Latin American countries also relates to the establishment of military bases of foreign armies in those regions. The British armies are held as major participants in the evolution sex tourism in the Latin America. In the views of Hannum, governments of the Latin American countries like Brazil resolved to support tourism in their specific countries as this was one of the ways to generate massive revenues. Promotion of tourism in these areas coupled with the increase in number of commercial sex workers desperate for the foreign European currencies. Sex tourism as per the current statistics has grown to a multibillion dollar industry in Brazil. However, most of the revenues gathered from the sector do reach the government in either ways (Hannum). The industry encompasses women, males and international clients who either come to obtain sex or to sell their sex to respective consumers. Current Status, Trends and Predisposing Factors Hannun in reference to the reports of End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Child Trafficking (ECPAT), estimates that child sex tourism in Brazil rose to 500,000 in the year 1994. This is number is exceptional to Brazil alone without putting into count similar cases in other Latin American countries. Hannun reports that research conducted by the Predo Foundation averred that most incidents of prostitution among children in the larger Latin America correlate to regional incapability to care for its population. Reports indicate that most children resort to prostitution as an alternative way to earning a living. In addition, most of the children engaged in prostitution in the Latin American countries, specifically Brazil are victims of civil conflicts who faced abusive families. Hannum further demonstrates that increase in child sex tourism in Brazil links to the growing dislike of the old sex workers feared to have infections of sexually transmitted disease. Moreover, Hannun confirms that child sex tourism in Brazil and entire Latin America is factored by sex clients’ feeling of freedom from their social cultural rules that restrict the practice. The rigorous growth of child sex tourism in Brazil also relates to the increased media advertisements of jobs that lure desperate childr en to apply for such rare vacancies in their respective countries (Hannum). Advertisements of luxurious free travel have also been one of the ways used by dealers in the sex tourism industry to hunt for children and other sex tourism practitioners. Increase in sex tourism in Brazil also links to the wide internet advertisement of sexual pictures that trigger the urge for sex among the

Critically evaluate the contribution of psychological theories to our Essay

Critically evaluate the contribution of psychological theories to our understanding of the entrepreneur - Essay Example In the process the paper undertakes a comparison and contrast of the two approaches; critique on their use in entrepreneurial settings, for making decisions, and for commercial and business purposes; and a discussion of other factors besides traits and behavior that also contribute to understanding how and why entrepreneurs behave and differ in their rates of success. The paper concludes by answering the question of whether or not psychological approaches complement existing entrepreneurship theory. The traits approach, as the name suggests, focuses on personality traits and how those personality traits in the case of entrepreneurs help explain their nature, and their success or failure in their ventures (Rauch and Frese 2007; McCrae 1987). The cognitive approach, on the other hand, focuses on so-called cognitive processes as keys to understanding the psychology of entrepreneurs, and what makes for successes and failures. This school of thought basically also discounts the power of t he traits approach to make sense of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial behavior and dynamics, and argues for looking into the thought processes of entrepreneurs and the way they relate to behavioral outcomes (Psychology and Entrepreneurship 2013, slides 14-22; Barron 1998; Busenitz and Barney 1997). II. Discussion A. Traits Approach vs. ... On the other hand, studies which prove the fluidity of behavior of people in general in different situations put forth the conclusion that personality traits are not consistent at all, and that therefore they cannot be relied on as the foundation of an approach to understand entrepreneurs and their motivations (Mischel and Peake 1982; Psychology and Entrepreneurship 2013, slides 12-13). The same argument is posited by those who point to studies that say that in terms of personality traits entrepreneurs are not much different from other people who are not entrepreneurial (Baron 1998, pp. 275-277). Meanwhile, the cognitive approach moves away from personality traits and the language of the traits approach, to focus on entrepreneurial thought processes and cognition processes, and the way entrepreneurs make use of heuristic thinking, are prone to cognitive biases of all sorts, and focuses generally on an explanation of behavior rather than on the prediction of behavior for entrepreneurs . The cognitive approach is seen as overcoming the static and related biases of the traits approach, and is regarded as being more effective in complex, dynamic settings. Both meanwhile have some success in explaining the risks, financial considerations, and the kind of creative and open-ended thinking, as well as the cognitive shortcuts and biases, that go into entrepreneurial thinking (Psychology and Entrepreneurship 2013, slides 14-22; Barron 1998; Busenitz and Barney 1997). B. Critique on Use in Entrepreneurial and Commercial Settings, in Decision Making Decision-making between entrepreneurs and ordinary managers make clear that cognitive approaches, as well as

Mass Media Advertising Invasion Influence Media Essay

Mass Media Advertising Invasion Influence Media Essay In the mass media as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, movies, and Internet, are designed to communicate and transmit to an unlimited number of people at one time activities, events, events of various kinds, for example sports cultural, social, commercial, historical, academic, etc. Also, give the latest news and give an overview of everything that happened in the world. It is of great importance for society, since these media people realize what happens, and through these media, is held in a very important activity that is advertising, too. This is a movement which is used to distribute or inform the people about products and services. Its main objective is to motivate each individual to consume the product by striking and attractive the commercial. All type of advertising is negative towards people, because the purpose of advertising is to develop the desire to acquire, this or that product, manipulating their minds selling an imaginary happiness and a fictitious reality. Many people argue that advertisement is good because through it they got informed about new things, things that help to everyone to be actualized as in the technology, but also, in offers, or events around the world, and this is an acceptable point. It is a good way of see how the advertisements influences everyones life. Otherwise, the majority of the information that is distributed every day to each citizen is, in some cases, manipulated. This information distributes just what is convenient for some people or organization. These organizations may be the government, city, culture, language, and country, between other. Some favorable examples are in electoral elections, crime or economic problems. Where in the majority of the countries, the government buys the channels and suborns to do not inform about events that may prejudices their career or stance in power. For many professional traders advertising is their source of employment or a means by which they generate their income. Advertisers are specialists in marketing new products or services, and thus get the customer to identify with the product. Its aim is to produce sales or increase them about it. All this was accomplished with a detailed work designed to convince the audience to be aware of the product for sale or mark so they can start buying. However, the advertising, paid by a business advertiser, select and multiply those values that we wish to emphasize and discard those that do not favor their persuasive strategy. The power that advertisement has is too much powerful, and may prejudice more than it helps. as many of the advertisements are not made with only the fact to inform and help people, if not most of the advertising channel uses time that stereotype, especially with the young people, because cause an imbalance in mind and health. Advertising is always looking for ways to how to influence and manipulate the minds of people regardless of age, sex and ethnicity, using resources, tactics and procedures, such as colors, shapes, environments, characters, sounds, time, inter alia, to convince the consumer that the product offered is the best, it is necessary, and that it is on the possibilities of everyone. This will have an impact on the socialization of young people, but they convey a stereotyped image of them, which is dominated by fun, dynamic and superficial. This image ends up being borne by young people themselves. Advertising also uses stereotypes to reinforce their marketing messages. Through research, analysis and study of many disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, statistics, and economics, which are found in the market survey, it can develop an appropriate message to the public. The study by professors at the School of Communication at the University of Navarra jointly with the Council Audiovisual de Navarra, deals with the effects of advertising on young people today, and concludes that the values are transmitted through advertising help or favors that adolescents have attitudes of irresponsibility, consumerism and superficiality to life. The stereotypes that are displayed in television commercials profiles are limited to artificial and remote from real life, under the law of the aesthetic ideal, presenting ideas on youth collective surface. The strong pressure of advertising on minors, it becomes detrimental to the extent that they receive messages unreal perceived as natural, which can cause a marked dissatisfaction upon entering adulthood. Attractive images, the great value placed on leisure and entertainment over other principles, inappropriate sexual stereotypes, these are among others the ideas that are classified as harmful and negative influence on the values that teenagers are absorbing as develop. Lastly, based on these results, it calls for a greater commitment to undertake joint action, proceeding to develop attitudes of responsibility, equality, and transcendence of life. In an investigation conducted by the Foundation for Assistance to Drug Addiction (FAD) is revealed that in ads targeted at young people, are highlighted values such as consumerism, hedonism, independence, transgression, prestige, adventure, while they are other underrepresented as a compromise, friendship, effort, and solidarity. There is a marked tendency towards individualistic hedonism are deficient while the values that foster social effort and commitment. Most young people identify with their main characters in the novel, favorite singers, or models. Which in most of the time these come in commercials advertising products that in view of each of these young people is what makes them look perfect and unique. In Fact, youth buy advertised products for them and in a way that makes them feel sure of themselves. This is a good way to see how advertising could motivate young people to feel better about themselves. On the contrary, advertising with youth people is a value that sells well. Young people who appear in it respond to a stereotype of young fun, dynamic, handsome, successful and attractive: a canon elusive. We propose a body aesthetic that emphasizes thinness, for them, and athletic bodies, in their case. Surveys show that many of the teenagers are not considered at ease with his image. 50% of them are considered overweight, with girls most affected by this negative image. The eagerness of many young people respond to such stereoty pes leads them in many cases, to adopt habits and attitudes that sometimes threaten their physical safety. Diseases such as anorexia and Vigorexia are becoming more common among adolescents. Although, it has increased in recent years the number of men affected by anorexia, girls remain in a ratio of one to ten, suffer the most. In advertising the image of the boys is more related to the effectiveness or the athletes, so one disease that is beginning to being detected is now the Vigorexia, an excessive desire to acquire an athletic-looking body. In recent times problems on advertisements which include young women have been surfacing having them in a sense of low self confidence when they are not perfect, and girls think that they are disappointments, and that no one will accept them. It has been proven that their low self confidence has led to eating disorders, depression, and mental development. It is the major problem of advertising with thin models and expressing that being thin is healthy and is the best way to feel good about her; however, models do not acknowledge that this leads to a live or death situation. The advertisement influences in young women on the today dates. It is a big problem with the slim models. Those kinds of advertisements tell to young women how to dress, look and feel like accepted girls using clothes and being thin as the models on the magazines do. Many young women in particular, look up to these people and take ideas from them about how they should look and act. Some advertisements attract the young womens attention using celebrities showing them as a perfect person. According Health Education Research, a total of 42 participants were interviewed in seven geographic regions of the United States. In groups of three, participants were shown seven print and TV advertisements for weight-loss products and asked to share their interpretations of each ad. Common factors in girls interpretation of weight loss advertising included responding to texts emotionally by identifying with characters; comparing and contrasting persuasive messages with real life experiences with family members; using prior knowledge about nutrition management and recognizing obvious deceptive claims like rapid or permanent weight loss. Girls were less able to demonstrate skills including recognizing persuasive construction strategies including message purpose, target audience and subtext and awareness of economic factors including financial motives, credibility enhancement and branding. Making consumers feel insecure could be considered as one way to advertise and, if not the most effective, one of them. Advertising reveals the latest fashions and the new popular novelties on the market. However, advertising is a patchwork of successes and failures, benefits and disadvantages, wonders and dangers. Clients observe how models look perfect and customers buy what the models are using to look as the models do. Copying the models of the magazines could be one of the objectives of every woman to be popular in the today days; also, doing it girls feel attractive and they think that is the best form to take the attention of a boy. If the young woman uses what the thin model is using, she will feel accepted. It may be the intention, that a woman who is looking at the advertisement does the same as the model on the magazine is doing. Some girls think that if they are not the most perfect possible they are not pretty and there is when a depression comes after it. Furthermore, being an accepted member of society has become very important to most individuals, and be accepted today is just being a copy of the models who appear in magazines and buying the same clothes models suppose to buy, the make-up, including food they supposed to eat or not eat. If a young girl thinks that be thin is being healthy and be attractive and popular it may be because she could read it on a magazine or saw it on a commercial or only because she heard it by other girl that was influenced by advertisements. The majority of advertisements today tell young girls how to dress, how to be physically thin and how to feel good with their own. However, it does not mean that it is the hundred percent truths. It may be only a mirage of what it is being perfect. To be loved, pretty or accepted in a society is not necessary be as a model or as a celebrity. Whether the kids are asked about the advertisements, they will say that it is magnificent, because they learn about new toys, food that it is delicious and then when they go to the store they will tell their parents to buy those things because they saw it on television or internet and it was beautiful, it will make their dreams true and will be happy having this product. This is the purpose of the advertisement of make the adults, teenagers, and kids, feel with the necessity of acquire that dream announced in the commercial. In contrast the advertisement do not just influences in young people, kids in the form how to dress or act, it also prejudices to the health every time the kind is using the mass media watching TV or playing the video games and using the computer. According to a recent study, teens are constantly targeted by TV advertisements for food. The average U.S. teen sees about 6,000 of them a year! Most of the ads are for unhealthy junk foods, sugary cereals, fast-food re staurants, and soft drinks. Food manufacturers spend billions of dollars each year trying to get teens to see their ads. Experts think this can lead to bad eating habits and health problems. According to the article, Dr. Edward Palmer, a professor who studies TVs effects on children, was asked if he thought there was a connection between these food ads and health trends among young people. There is a direct link, he told. He also believes that the ads send an unrealistic message: Youll have fun if you get this food. Youll be accepted by your friends, Dr. Palmer said. Also, Omar Estrada, a 9th-grader from Illinois, is no stranger to food ads. Its about half of what I see when I watch TV, he told. And Taylor Simmons, a 6th-grader from South Carolina, said that after seeing a commercial for a fast-food restaurant: Sometimes you cannot help but go to McDonalds. You feel like you have to go!(Entin). The advertisement is not just what is shown in the internet, radio, magazines, etc. it is also the gifts they do if you by that items. For example, if a kid goes to McDonalds and he buys a happy meal some of the cases he or she do not buy this food because he was hungry or because he likes the food, he wanted it because there is a obsequious, that commonly are characters of the resent kids movie or the favorite cartoon. All things considered, advertisement does not project the favorable information that should. Advertisement or publicity may be criticizes but, when consumed, every one is influenced by it. In one hand, advertising has an influence in certain individuals as positive, motivation them to realize their cherished dreams, but on the other hand, advertisement manipulates the minds of the people to sell or make as know the product and the service. The advertisement, besides of the people will think that it will beneficiate their style life, obtaining information, or founding offers in supplies, or being actualized with all the new products in sell, it will do that every person beyond of being informed with manipulated information or with an fictitious happiness may be danger with a problem of low stamen or health. The majority of the teenagers follow as example to their idols that are shown on magazines, television, and so copying their dress style or how they are physically, as conclusion, bringing to them problems starting with the absence of originality in their own or diseases as anorexia or vogorexia.

Home Schooling Essay -- Teaching Public Schools

Home Schooling1 Homeschool Children Homeschooling was practiced until about 150 years ago, when schools were established as educational institutes. Nowadays, homeschooling begins to develop and become more widespread again, because the school system is claimed by many people to be failing due to the typical educational plans that bring up stereotype groups of children with the same background. Accordingly, a minority of people preferred to follow homeschooling, which is teaching children at home, in order to bring up unique children with different backgrounds. â€Å"For some students, school can be extremely compromising to their ability, their creativity, and their sense of self † (Staehle). There are more reasons that support and encourage parents to homeschool their children, such as the expected rich personalities of children, their safety, and their lifestyle that might be positively affected by homeschooling. Parents believe that homeschooling truly affects the personality of their children. It helps them have a close relationship with their parents, since they spend most times of the day with them. Naima, my English language professor’s daughter, declares this in a personal interview. This strong bond gives children the ability to learn and get more attention from their parents. They gain the advantages of the familial relationship and its benefits. They are close to their brothers, sisters, parents, and friends, who are of different ages, and this ...